So I'm a history teacher, not an expert on this period at all. I did however do alittle bit of digging around Swedish wiki for names.
For Sweden, the King for a several chunks of your desired period is Karl Knutsson from the noble family Bonde. After him followed Sten Sture the Elder, as riksmarsalk rather than King. Notable families besides Bonde and Sture are Bielke, Oxenstierna, Tott, Trolle, Vasa and the dramatically named Natt och Dag (Sten Sture the younger is apparently a member of Natt och Dag as opposed to Sture). You should be able to find family insignia for all of them, but individual coats of arms for their members looks trickier.
As far as weapons go, I think you are right on spears and bills. When we cover this period in school curriculum, there are many mentions of peasant armies and never got the impression they were pikemen. Crossbows figure in a lot of the artwork from slightly later, Gustav Vasa's wars. From memory there were also many German mercenaries involved, what with close connections to the Hansa.
Several years ago I visited the city museum of Visby, and I remember seeing brigandines or coats of plates in their finds from the battles there. This would be earlier than your period, but maybe still used?