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Looking at the wiki page I am curious. I have read no accounts of artillery being used in the battle against Morgan’s men. So with that said I see a fortress as part of the diorama with many cannon in it.Given that the Spanish knew Morgan was heading to them for weeks in advance it seems strange that they would not have done something with those guns... if this is accurate to the time of the attack.
This is a hypothetical reconstruction of Panamá city in the 17th century. It was originally created in 1995 based on research by Eduardo Tejeira Davis, Ph.D., and was modified in 2017.
Military ArchitecturePanamá Viejo barely had defenses. Its small Nativity Fort accommodated just 12 soldiers and 4 pieces of artillery. The Royal Houses had other functions, and by 16th century it was still made out of wood.Two proposals were made to fortify Panamá Viejo: one by the engineer Bautista Antonelli (1586) and another by Cristóbal de Roda (1609). None was executed, due to high costs and bad timing. The city remained vulnerable to a pirate attack, which eventually arrived.
-- Meanwhile, Captain Juan Pérez de Guzmán organized the defense of the city with a poorly armed and unprepared militia composed mainly of civilians and slaves.
-- Despite possessing vast military experience, Pérez de Guzmán proved to be a mediocre strategist: for example, he deployed a retreating scheme when the buccaneers were crossing the Isthmus, and chose the worst possible place to fight them. --
The pirates descend from the hill in 4 squadrons of 300 men each, armed with muskets. Don Juan Pérez de Guzmán prepares the city's defense with 1,200 infantrymen and 400 cavalry units located on a plain next to a smaller hill. They have only 600 firearms, mainly arquebuses. Most of the defenders only carry hand-held weapons, like pikes and spears.
He discovered more, that in the city they had made trenches and raised batteries in several places, in all which they had placed many guns, and that at the entry of the highway which led to the city they had built a fort, which was mounted with 8 great guns of brass, and defended by 50 men.--They found much difficulty in their approach unto the city. For within the town the Spaniards had placed many great guns, at several quarters thereof, some of which were charged with small pieces of iron and others with musket-bullets. With all these they saluted the Pirates, at their drawing nigh unto the place, and gave them full and frequent broadsides, firing at them incessantly. Whence it came to carrying with pass that unavoidably they lost, at every step they advanced, great numbers of men.