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Plaid is the garment and tartan is the pattern. Would the plaid be in a tartan style? Yes it would as evidence shows that it widely used in with various patterns and colours.
Gold star to that laddie fer kennin' the difference the noo!
It existed earlier and elsewhere; the English just seem to have imposed clan sets. As I write, I'm resting my shoulders against an antimacassar of tartan (nothing like a Scottish one) produced among the hill tribes of northern Thailand!
The 'English' didn't impose clan setts, they simply tried to catalogue and regularise, and occasionally make some up.. You would have had distinct regional weaving patterns and colours based on those available locally or reasonably available as an import, so each 'clan' or extended family group would tend to have similar patterns and colours. It's highly unlikely these ever achieved the level of uniformity possible with machine weaving.