For the castles of the period very few were stone and even then simple Aquitaine or Anjou rectangular pattern rectangular Donjon towers, with entry halfway up the donjon using a staircase being the most common, the remainder were timber simple timber towers with a hall attached or stand alone on a motte with an outer bailey.
Good examples of the Aquitane-Anjou stone pattern type are the tower of London, Hedingham in England in Maine (Mayenne) chateau Sainte Suzanne, Normandy chateau Chambois, Blois Château de Montrichard and Aquitaine chateau Montignac-Charente.
chateau saint suzanne, note the bands a common building trait of Anjou maine using bands of White washed stone and red brown natural stone.
Château chambois
The typical siege could on a wooden chateau be as simple as an escalade with ladders, a battering ram, not necessarily covered, arrows and oil to fire the gates. A good example of a partial stone and wooden reproduction is in Mayenne France. Incidentally chateau was sieged during the troubles, in France along with it neighbour Saint Suzanne.
Wooden reproduction of a motte and bailey on original site at Saint Slyvian d'anjou
The larger stone chateau needed Mangonel, Traction Trebuchet (non counterweighted) , Ballista (springald) and the use of mines to undermine the foundations.
12th cent Mangonel
12th century traction trebuchet
hope that helps