Lars,
It all depends on what Courage test the he fails. If it is a courage test for rout, than the model is removed. If its for Fearsome Reputation than the Sailor loses his nerve and will not charge or shoot, instead doing nothing in the phase. If it's a Dive for Cover test, than he moves towards the closest terrain feature.
From the sound of your question, it sounds like a rout test. If the model pass's than he would not have to take another test unless the whole Crew suffers another loss from someone going out of action.
Tim Kulinski